Loss of anterior teeth can have a detrimental effect on children's quality of life, and the therapeutic approaches are always challenging. Missing teeth can have a marked psychosocial effect and functional implications for a growing child. This report describes the replacement of missing teeth in 5-and 9-year-old male patients by Hollywood appliance. These cases illustrate the essential role of the pediatric dentist in the management of missing teeth in the mixed dentition stage. The treatment outcomes had a positive impact on the confidence of children as well.

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Background: Other than releasing a bunch of growth factors and molecules, platelet concentrates (PCs), especially platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has a potential role in antimicrobial activities. Aim: The aim of this present systematic review was to collect, evaluate, and compare the available evidence regarding the antimicrobial efficacy of all types of PRF and to highlight the underlying mechanisms along with their potential benefits based on their actions, investigated by clinical and in vitro studies. Materials and Methods: Systematic approach was followed in the selection of studies. A detailed search was done in electronic databases such as PUBMED/MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and SCIENCE DIRECT using specific search items with language restricted to English. All in vitro studies and clinical studies which assessed the antimicrobial activity of PRF alone or along with antibiotics or a type of PRF were included in the study. Other studies which included antimicrobial effects of other forms of PCs such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet gel, and animal studies were all excluded from the study. Results: After the initial and final screening of articles, only eight met the required criteria, of which seven were in vitro studies and one was a clinical study. All the studies evaluated the efficacy of one or more forms of PRF either against bacterial pathogens or showed inhibition of growth in culture. Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, PRF possesses antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens and the exact mechanism of the antimicrobial efficacy needs further investigation. The enhanced property of PRF against pathogens might be due to the release of platelets and preparation protocols such as lesser time and centrifugal speed. Further, PRF should be considered to be used as local drug delivery system which will be a potential treatment against periodontopathogens in the future.

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Dental fluorosis discoloration and maxillary anterior tooth spacing are problems that require aesthetic management. Various factors will influence the selection of restorative techniques and materials used for the treatment. The digital smile designing (DSD) is a tool that helps in diagnostic vision, improve communication, and enhance predictability throughout the treatment in esthetic dentistry. In this case report, a simplified version of DSD using Microsoft PowerPoint was described. Here, we also discuss the management of dental fluorosis and a maxillary anterior tooth spacing of a young female by microabrasion, frenectomy, and direct composite restoration.

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Context: Oral cavity offers diverse habitats to various species of different microorganisms; some of them under certain conditions cause loss of connective tissue and bone ultimately leading to periodontitis. Once such complex of bacteria often referred to as red complex bacteria consist of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia have been regarded as the one associated with severe form of periodontitis. With increasing advances in the field of medicine N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) test, a modern chairside paraclinical method has been designed to detect the presence of one or more such bacteria. Aim: The aim of the study was to detect the presence of red complex bacteria in patients suffering from various forms of periodontitis using BANA test kit. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the presence of red complex bacteria and the severity of periodontal disease. Settings and Design: A total of 150 patients suffering from various forms of periodontitis were selected for the study. Subjects and Methods: These were divided into three groups – Group I: mild periodontitis, Group II: moderate periodontitis, and Group III: severe periodontitis. Microbial parameters were recorded using BANA test. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann–Whitney test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Group III had significantly greater percentage of BANA-positive sites, followed by Group II and Group I. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between the presence of red complex bacteria and the severity of periodontitis.

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Background: Zinc oxide–eugenol is the most commonly used sealer. However, it has irritating and cytotoxic effects. Therefore, research in this field was being carried out to develop newer root canal sealers. Aloe vera gel is known for its medicinal properties. Thus, an attempt has been made to replace eugenol with Aloe vera. Aims: To compare the sealing ability of zinc oxide–eugenol and zinc oxide–Aloe vera, as a root canal sealer by in vitro scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted anterior teeth were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. Access cavities were prepared, and canals were irrigated and instrumented followed by obturated with a zinc oxide–eugenol sealer and gutta-percha for Group I, whereas for Group II, zinc oxide–Aloe vera sealer was used with gutta-percha. The teeth were longitudinally split into two halves and subjected to SEM analysis to assess interface between obturating material and dentin. Statistical Analysis: Data obtained were analyzed by Student's t-test. Results and Conclusions: Zinc oxide–Aloe vera showed significantly better sealability as compared to zinc oxide–eugenol sealer (P ≤ 0.05). The analyzed data revealed that zinc oxide–Aloe vera as a root canal sealer is a better alternative to zinc oxide–eugenol.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare traditional manual model analysis with a digital caliper with the virtual model analysis of digitalized plaster models. Settings and Study Design: This was a comparative in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Randomly ten plaster models of prosthodontics patients in permanent dentition were analyzed. Manual analyses were performed with a diagnostic digital caliper and smartphone-assisted analysis after digitization of the plaster models using SCANN 3D software. The reliability and efficiency of digital models are to be analyzed by comparing measurements made on plaster and digital cast. Statistical Analysis Used: Difference and standard deviation were used for statistical analysis. Results: By comparing the linear transverse measurements, the data reveal that the mean values of the tooth width from the manual method were larger than the values from the digital method. The standard deviation was significantly high in the first premolar region, in manual method, and high in the second premolar region in digital measurements. With the digital method, the examiner found low values with the digital method. The time needed for the creation of 3D models from photogrammetry software will more and tedious and needs a learning curve. Conclusion: Models created by Scann 3D software with the help of a smartphone appear to be an adequate and reliable alternative to the conventional method of model analysis.

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External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively rare form of external root resorption, which may occur in any tooth in the permanent dentition. The etiology is usually obscure. It is characterized by its cervical location and the invasive nature; this resorptive process leads to the progressive and usually destructive loss of the tooth structure. It is often misdiagnosed, leading to improper treatment or unnecessary loss of the tooth. The article describes a case report of the ECR and its management. The salient features were a sizeable resorptive defect and localized fibrous growth located on the cervico-palatal aspect of the maxillary right central incisor. Treatment included root canal treatment, surgical exploration, and restoration of the defect with mineral trioxide aggregate. Proper diagnosis and the appropriate treatment is the key to a successful outcome in the management of ECR.

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The periosteum that covers the bone is highly composed of cellular connective tissue which is rich in vascularity with greater regenerative potential, thereby making it suitable to use as an autogenous graft material. This technique of periosteal eversion uses periosteum to cover the denuded root surface of multiple teeth prior to orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the purpose of the case series was to assess the amount of root coverage obtained with the help of eversion of periosteum where a single surgical site is involved in cases of periodontally compromised teeth that needs orthodontic correction. Patients with Miller's Class II/III were selected with malpositioned teeth. Partial thickness flap was elevated, and the periosteum was separated from the underlying bone surface. It is then everted to cover the exposed root surface and stabilized with vicryl suture. After 6 months of evaluation, periosteal eversion technique covered 75% of the denuded root surface. Hence, the periosteal eversion technique can be used as a preliminary procedure for the treatment of gingival recession that gives support for the tooth for further orthodontic treatment.

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Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon disease and represents an idiopathic, nonnecrotizing granulomatous lesion of soft tissue in the orofacial region. Medical history is very important in the diagnosis of OFG as medical condition such as Crohn's disease can also present an extraintestinal manifestation of OFG. Exclusion of other entities such as sarcoidosis, myocardial infections, foreign body reactions, and biopsy helps establish a correct diagnosis. The term idiopathic OFG is used in cases with unknown etiology. This case report describes idiopathic OFG in a 35-year-old female patient with persistent upper lip swelling and gingival enlargement. Management with intralesional acetonide 20 mg/ml, twice week for 3 weeks and gingivectomy, resulted in significant remission without recurrence after a 6-month follow-up.

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Maintaining the integrity of the connection between the prosthetic superstructure and the fixture plays an important role in the success of implant treatment. Implant restorations can be screw retained or cement retained, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays, cemented restoration is commonly opted as it has several advantages for use as a fixed implant prosthesis such as passive cast, equal stress distribution, enhanced esthetics, lower cost, and less time-consumting. Despite higher success and survival rates of cement-retained prosthesis due to advanced materials and proven designs, mechanical failures like cementation failures are been reported. This may be due to the compromised retentive form of the abutment or bond failure. Here, a case is documented where the patient reported with frequent dislodgment of cement-retained crown due to compromised height of implant abutment in a deeply placed single-piece implant.

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