Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Catharanthus roseus leaf extract against standard strains of periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia. Methodology: The C. roseus leaves were identified, shade dried, and ground, and ethanol extract was obtained. The antimicrobial efficacy of this extract was done using disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration. Results: C. roseus leaf extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the three test organisms. However, P. gingivalis was found to be more susceptible to C. roseus leaf extracts, since their growth was inhibited at relatively lower concentration as compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the present results have provided preliminary scientific evidence for the development of antimicrobial products, and further studies and clinical trials need to be performed.

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Context: Chemical plaque control agents and local drug delivery used in the management of periodontal therapy possess many adverse effects upon long-term usage. Hence, there is a search of herbal antibacterial agents with least adverse effects, which are being experimented to be used as an alternative to chemical agents. Nigella sativa is one such herb known for its antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. In this study, N. sativa is tested for its efficacy against significant periodontal pathogens. Aims: The study aims were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of N. sativa against significant periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella Intermedia, and to compare its efficacy with tetracycline. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds with three different concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml was prepared, and the antibacterial activity of N. sativa seeds was tested against bacterial strains of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in culture plates. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were measured in three different concentrations and compared with tetracycline. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Although the results of N. sativa were slightly lesser than those of tetracycline (15.3 mm and 16.5 mm), the methanolic extract of N. sativa showed highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition of 5.4 and 7.4 mm at 25 mg/ml and 9.4 and 10.1 mm at 50 mg/ml concentration against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. Conclusions: N. sativa is found to possess antibacterial efficacy against periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Hence, it can be used as a safe adjunct in periodontal therapy. Further clinical studies are required to check its efficacy clinically in patients with periodontitis.

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Context: Mechanical performance of dentin is of significant significance for the overall function of the teeth. Remineralization of carious dentin is the ultimate goal in re-establishing the functionality of the affected tissue to regain and maintain the mechanical properties of dentin. Functional remineralization of the affected dentin involves stabilization of both inorganic and organic component, but remineralizing agents stabilize only inorganic content. Hence, to stabilize organic content and to bring in functional remineralization, the use of anti-collagenolytic and anti-elastastic agents was considered for this study. Aims: The aim is to assess and compare the effect of antioxidants pretreatment on remineralization of demineralized dentin-in vitro study. Settings and Design: Experimental randomized analytical- in vitro study. Subjects and Methods: Ninety specimens were subjected to artificial caries lesions and were randomly divided into six groups based on the pretreatment with white tea, and grape seed extract (GSE) followed by casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride. All the specimens were subjected to pH cycling regimen. The specimens were subjected to Vickers micro-hardness test to obtain the micro-hardness values. Statistical Analysis Used: The values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: After pH cycling, GSE showed a significant increase in micro-hardness values (46.57 ± 3.51 VHN), followed by white tea (42.56 ± 5.20) with the level of significance <0.05. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that naturally occurring antioxidants, i.e., 10% White tea and 6.5% GSE can be used as pretreatment regime before remineralization treatment.

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Hypersensitivity reactions to dental restorative materials such as metals and amalgam may induce localized lesions in oral tissues contacting the restoration, usually manifested as lichenoid reactions. It is important to recognize and diagnose the lesion and etiology and further provide a suitable alternative restorative option for the patient. This article describes a case report of lichenoid reaction secondary to cast metal and amalgam restorations and sequential management of the same.

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The increasing demand for fixed prosthetic replacement has led to a rise in the development of new methods and materials in the field of implantology. A team approach with different disciplines in dentistry brings forth new ideas and variations in treatment planning and implant placement. The case report describes rehabilitation of reduced interarch space dentition using orthodontic and periodontic interdisciplinary approach. It encompasses the use of orthodontic approach to create space for ideal implant rehabilitation. The interdisciplinary approach aided reaching our goal of restoration using implants by increasing interarch space and also achieving patient satisfaction in the process.

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Aim: To visually compare, using microscope, two different techniques for removing adhesive remnants after orthodontic bracket debonding. Methods: Twenty healthy third molars were used. One molar did not undergo any procedures and served as a control. After bracket bonding and immersion of the teeth in saline solution for 12 days, the attachments were debonded. One of the molars was not stripped of the attachments, while the others (n=18) were randomly divided into two groups according to the adhesive removal technique: Group 1, use of a high-speed 18-blade bur and a fine-grain sandpaper disc; and Group 2, use of a high-speed 18-blade bur, a fine-grain sandpaper disc, and enamel microabrasion. Tooth fragments were collected for inspection under a field emission scanning electron microscope for a qualitative analysis of the adhesive remnants. Results: A substantial amount of adhesive residue remained on the enamel surface of the molars in Group 1. The procedures performed in Group 2 were more effective in removing the adhesive remnants but resulted in greater enamel wear and ledge formation. Conclusion: The combined use of a multiblade bur and the microabrasion technique was the most effective method of removing adhesive remnants and returning the enamel to its pre-treatment appearance.

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Accidental aspiration and ingestion of the dental instrument and material is an infrequent occurrence in dental practice. The location of the foreign body should be confirmed with radiographs. Radiographic examination will allow the correct diagnosis and the treatment to be conducted according to the specific situation of the object in the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. This is a case report of an accidental ingestion and medical retrieval of dental implant hex driver.

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Orthodontic extrusion of a nonrestorable tooth prior to its extraction can help in preserving or remodeling the hard and soft tissues to enable predictable implant placement and a favorable treatment outcome. This case report describes the use of a modified cast post for orthodontic extrusion followed by extraction and immediate implant placement.

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Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is an inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of the oral cavity with common etiological factors such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, or hormonal factors. The lesion is nonneoplastic in nature with the recurrence rate of 15.8%. Moreover, as it is a benign lesion, the choice of treatment is surgical excision with the removal of underlying cause if any. The present article highlights the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane in the management of PG. This case report presents a 62-year-old female patient who had reported with PG that recurred twice in 7-year period. The lesion appeared with a sessile base and was diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as PG. The PG was surgically excised exposing the underlying bone. The exposed bone surface was then covered with PRF membrane. At 6-month follow-up period, the patient did not show any further recurrence of the lesion.

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