The long-term success of any dental implant treatment is influenced by several factors including patient factors, preventative measures used by the patient, esthetics, surgical factors, periodontal factors, restorative factors, and the mechanical factors of the implant system. The patient factors, esthetic factors, prevention, surgical, and mechanical factors influencing the treatment planning of a dental implant patient were discussed in the previous papers. This article will discuss the periodontal and restorative factors involved in dental implant treatment with relevant case studies. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Long term implant success is dependent on several factors. The periodontal and restorative factors involved in implant treatment are discussed.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the calcium content of solutions of three different mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) solvents after immersion of root dentin at different time interval. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 extracted premolars were used in the study. Teeth were sectioned 2 mm using hard tissue microtome. One section was selected from each tooth. 12 sections were then immersed in the freshly prepared 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 17% carbonic acid, and 10% citric acid. Calcium dissolution was checked at different time interval of 10 and 15 min and 32 h with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and multiple comparisons were carried out by Tukey's test. Results: About 17% carbonic acid showed maximum calcium dissolution followed by 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid. There was significantly difference in result. Conclusion: About 17% carbonic acid used for MTA retrieval can cause calcium dissolution of dentin and lessen the strength. Clinical Significance Mineral trioxide aggregate is bioactive material used widely for different clinical use, it has major disadvantage of retrieval. There are different solvents used for the same. Those may affect the organic content of dentin.

Introduction: Furcation involvement is an inflammatory process that results in a breakdown of the supporting connective tissue and bone as a result of extension of periodontal destruction between the roots of multi-rooted teeth. Class II furcation lesions are a challenging scenario for periodontal therapy and a serious threat for tooth prognosis where the teeth mortality has been reported to occur more frequently in furcated teeth than in similar teeth without furcation defects. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bioactive glass (BG) grafting material versus autogenous bone grafting in the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with buccal mandibular Grade II furcation involvement were divided- by a split-mouth design- into three groups; group (Gp) I involved 30 sites grafted with BG; Gp II involved 30 sites grafted with autogenous bone and Gp III involved 10 sites treated with scaling and root planing only after flap reflection. Results: The postoperative healing periods were, generally uneventful with no postoperative complications. At the last follow-up period, the previous furcation sites were covered with healthy gingiva and there was a great reduction in the surface area of the furcation defects with a marked increase in the gray level in both Gp I and II with no significant difference, while there was a statistically significant difference between Gp I and Gp III and between Gp II and Gp III at 3 months and at 6 months of follow-up periods. Conclusion: The use of BG and autogenous bone grafts has better outcomes in the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement when compared with open debridement alone. The use of bony glass has nearly the same successful outcomes of the autogenous bone graft; however, it is less traumatic to the patient. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• Periodontal regenerative procedure using bioactive glass material can be performed to enhance bone formation
• Class II furcation lesions are a challenging scenario for periodontal therapy and a serious threat for tooth prognosis.

Background: Anemia can be caused by various chronic diseases, one of which could be chronic periodontitis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis has shown to improve hematological values. This study aimed at assessing effect of periodontal therapy on hemoglobin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study consist of 40 anemic subjects with hemoglobin levels of ≤8 g/dl. The sample size comprised of 20 periodontally healthy subjects and 20 subjects with chronic periodontitis. Blood samples were collected before and after therapy for hemoglobin assessment and all the patients were subjected to periodontal therapy. The values were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The study showed that there was an improvement in hemoglobin level for the test group after periodontal therapy, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The phase I periodontal treatment helped in improvement of the hemoglobin level in chronic periodontitis group. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• Many systemic diseases have been implicated as risk indicators or risk factors in oral diseases.
• To understand the pathogenesis of the systemic diseases to oral diseases is important for the dental clinicians (endodontists, periodontists, prosthodontists) to draw comprehensive treatment plan for the patient.
• This article explains the influence of anemia of chronic disease on the outcome of periodontal treatment.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is increasingly used in number of areas of medical practice. It is a unique intervention whose method of action is not well-understood. Clinicians may request its use for their patients, but often its mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we present a mini review and discussion of HBO and uses of this exciting intervention. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Relevance of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to periodontists, prosthodontists, and restorative dentists

• The osseointegrated implants are successfully applied in the dental clinic including oral and facial rehabilitations mainly for patients submitted to mutilating surgeries. However, patients submitted to radiation therapy present risks to treatment with implants owing to adverse effects on bone tissue. Nowadays, literature suggests therapies to improve the success of osseointegration such as HBO therapy that aims to prepare bone and adjacent tissues to receive the implant.
• Therefore, thorough understanding of HBO therapy and its applications is very essential for prosthodontists, periodontists, and other dental specialists to avail the benefits of this useful technique and improve the patient care.

To create a general awareness among the clinicians regarding the appropriate choice of crown removal systems and techniques in various clinical situations. Fixed prosthodontic treatment is often faced with complications involving failure of restoration or of the abutment due to improper treatment planning. In such situations, further management can be accomplished either by removal and replacement or repair of the restoration. Removal of the crown and bridges for refabrication is extremely tedious and can lead to unpredictable consequences if proper technique is not used. An external device is always required for the removal of the failed restorations. Decrowning devices are a boon to dentistry to deal with such situations. Numerous decrowning devices are available commercially. This review describes and demonstrates the various available devices based on the mode of action. Literature search was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar from 1970's to till date. Any decrowning device will be successful only if used appropriately. Hence, this literature attempts to suggest the possible application of each system based on clinical situations. A few modified techniques have also been discussed in this article for ease of the clinician. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

The field of fixed prosthodontics warrants the use of coronal disassembly systems in situations such as loosened retainer of a bridge, fractured facing, unesthetic patient appeal, loosened abutment of an implant, etc.

Removal of a crown or bridge is important for conservative retreatment in conditions such as secondary caries underneath a cemented crown or recurring periapical infection of a root canal treated tooth restored with a crown.

Special care should be exercised while removing fixed restorations from a periodontally compromised abutment.

Safe removal of crowns is also important in the field of implant dentistry.

The presence of attachment loss in the furcation is one of the most serious anatomical sequela of periodontitis. Furcations are not accessible for professional debridement, since their entrance is small compared with the size of periodontal instruments, and they present with ridges, convexities, and concavities that make it difficult for clinicians to debride effectively. In cases, where advanced defects are seen, treatment may involve combining, endodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics so that the teeth are retained in whole or in part. Advances in dentistry have provided the opportunity for clinicians to provide patients with the option of retaining their teeth in the long-term. Such teeth can be useful as independent units of mastication or as abutments in simple fixed bridges. This article presents three cases of mandibular molar furcation involvement, which were treated by three different therapeutic modalities. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• Management of a furcation involved tooth requires an inter-disciplinary approach to enhance the long-term prognosis.
• The success rate of resective procedures is high if the case selection, treatment plan, treatment sequence are well-executed.
• The importance of inter-disciplinary approach is highlighted by the success of these clinical scenarios.

This case report describes orthodontic extrusion of an impacted central incisor in a 9-year-old child with a removable appliance. Though orthodontic extrusion with removable appliances has been described previously in literature, the aim of this paper is to help the practicing clinician understand the biomechanics and biology of orthodontic extrusion and provide practical tips for using this simple mode of treatment. This will aid the clinician practice orthodontic extrusion in his/her practice in a predictable manner. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• The primary aim of this paper is to provide practical tips to the general dentist in carrying out orthodontic extrusion predictably with a simple removable appliance.
• Orthodontic extrusion is indicated in various clinical situations like management of impacted teeth, crown lengthening, treatment of vertical bony defects, etc.

Management of maxillofacial patient with acquired defect of mandible is a challenge related to both control of the primary disease and rehabilitation following the same. The aim of this clinical report is to highlight these difficulties and emphasize the importance of timely initiated interdisciplinary approach and planning to rehabilitate the concerned patient in the best possible manner. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• Multidisciplinary management to restore form and function in an acquired defect mandibulectomy patient.
• A timely initiated team approach by prosthodontist, maxillofacial surgeon, plastic surgeon, radiotherapist, psychologist, and speech therapist.
• Prosthetic rehabilitation included the use of maxillary guidance ramp, cast mandibular guide flange and fixed partial dentures.

Ceramic veneers are considered as an esthetic treatment option for anterior teeth with unusual positions or appearance, as they conserve tooth structure and offer predictable results when planned adequately. Anatomic wax mock-up is an important tool during the phase of treatment planning. It allows the dentist to effectively communicate with the patient regarding the final esthetic result. Esthetic preevaluative temporaries prepared from the anatomic wax mock-up will allow the clinician and the patient to assess the form and contour future restorations to be placed; and its effects on the lip posture, smile line, and function. The mock-up can also help in the fabrication of an index to aid in the conservation of the tooth structure, while veneer tooth preparation and also assist in temporization. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the importance anatomic mock-up for predictable esthetic smile design with ceramic veneers. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry

• The dental and gingival component of the smile can be manipulated to create a beautiful smile.
• A multidisciplinary role between restorative dentist, periodontist, and orthodontist is often required when designing a smile for a patient.
• Anatomic mock-up is an important tool for effective communication between the dentists from various fields, between the dentist and the ceramist, as well as between the dentist and the patient when altering the patients smile.