Background: An effective nonsurgical and surgical periodontal treatment cannot be accomplished by brushing alone as it does not detach the plaque interdentally. Interdental cleaning aids can remove this interdental plaque. This optimizes the plaque control. Selecting the right size of interdental brush fills the entire interdental space thereby cleaning all the areas of the embrasure. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the grading of gingival embrasure by periodontists with subjective technique and calibrated interdental probe. Subjects and Methods: Ten healthy patients were selected for the study. Gingival embrasures of patients were assessed with discretion by six periodontists. Later, every periodontist was educated about the use of calibrated probes. After a specific time-lapse, all the periodontists have examined the same patients again with the calibrated interdental probe. The embrasures in the patients were examined from left to right in maxillary and mandibular single-rooted and bicuspid teeth. Statistical Analysis: The assessment of scores between calibrated and arbitrary techniques by a single doctor for each gingival embrasure in all the patients was calculated by the Wilcoxon matched pair test. Comparison between doctors with the mean error was calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA. Results: Significant results were observed in grading gingival embrasures by individual periodontists for every tooth between calibrated and arbitrary techniques. Conclusions: Based on morphology and location of teeth the gingival embrasure space differs. Choosing an interdental aid subjectively, probably will not give an appropriate cleaning viability. To accomplish a legitimate cleaning viability, an appropriate size interdental brush ought to be chosen for a specific embrasure. Utilizing a calibrated interdental probe helps the clinician choose an appropriate interdental brush for a specific embrasure space.

Aim: To assess the relationship between herpes virus (HV) and periodontitis (PI) among dental practitioners (DP). Objective: This survey aims to assess attitude, perception, knowledge, and awareness about HV and its role in PI patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on DP in the southern states of Tamil Nadu. A self-assessed questionnaire was prepared, and the survey was done through a web-based system (GOOGLE FORMS). Two experts did a pretest to assess its validity and reliability. Twenty questions (each 5) were designed to assess attitude, perception, knowledge, and awareness. They all had to be answered without exception before submission. Chi-square test and Student's t-test were used to compare the responses of attitude, perception, knowledge, and awareness. Results: About 30% of DP supported that HV can lead to PI. Among them, mostly MDS-qualified DP (P < 0.05) supported that HV's could worsen the clinical parameters (CP) of PI diseases with increased periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level. Only 45% accepted that periodontal therapy could improve CP by reducing subgingival bacterial and viral counts. Nearly 74% were unaware of HV examination to consider in refractory and recurrent PI patients. Significant results (P < 0.01) were observed for mean responses of attitude, perception, knowledge, and awareness-related question based on sex and qualification of DP. Conclusion: Still, many dental surgeons were unaware of the HV role and its management in PI patients. There is a requisite to incorporate more subject-related scientific programs to update the DP about the current evolving etiology and its treatment sequences in PI patients to achieve successful practice.

Background: The oral cavity has optimal conditions to act as a reservoir of microorganisms. Aims and Objectives: This research corresponds to a descriptive study, which aims to study the presence or absence of periodontopathogens and Helicobacter pylori in oral swab samples from healthy Chilean women between 18 and 26 years old. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four oral samples were recruited and then cultured on 5% blood agar plates for the semiquantitative macroscopic microbiological analysis. Of the 54, only 38 showed regular to abundant bacterial growth. Of these 38 samples, 21 were randomly selected and analyzed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) and Helicobacter pylori. Results: 71% of the samples studied were negative for this group of bacteria, while 29% were positive for at least one of the microorganisms studied. Of this group, six samples were positive for Helicobacter pylori, one for Treponema denticola, and three for Tannerella forsythia. These last two microorganisms were presented together with Helicobacter pylori. Conclusion: The buccal swab of the healthy cohort was a matrix that allowed bacterial molecular analysis; however, due to the small sample size, no correlations were found between them.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment pain and postoperative pain of Curcuma longa extract, grape seed extract with calcium hydroxide (CaOH₂) as intracanal medicament in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with irreversible pulpitis, between 18 and 60 years were included in the study. After obtaining initial pain scores, patients were randomly allocated to three groups. In first visit, patients were given visual analog scale form to mark pain intensity at start of the treatment and posttreatment. The compiled data collected were statistically analyzed using 20 SPSS software. Results: In all the three groups, for patients undergoing root canal treatment, pain intensity was highest on 1^st day of treatment and dropped afterward. A comparison of pain between curcumin and grape seed extract revealed no significant difference in pain scores for the respective time intervals. Intergroup comparison between curcumin and CaOH₂ group showed less postoperative pain in C. longa than CaOH₂ group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Curcumin longa extract has least pain when compared with CaOH₂ and grape seed extract when it is used as intracanal medication in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Background: Dentistry is a noble profession, but there is also growing anxiety both within the dental profession and in the community regarding the increasing trends of complaints and lawsuits against doctors. Knowledge about medicolegal issues is as fundamental to the practice of medicine as the clinical skills. Aim: The aim behind performing this study was to evaluate the knowledge of medicolegal issues and consumer protection act among undergraduate students perusing Bachelors of Dental Surgery in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (J and K), India. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among undergraduates and interns in Institute of Dental Sciences Jammu, J and K between May 2021 and June 2021; students were asked about the knowledge regarding medico-legal laws and consumer protection act in a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software 22 version (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago). Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: While analyzing the familiarity of terms such as medical negligence, all (100%) students were aware about the same, but only 38.58% could correctly answer question regarding medical negligence. Nearly 84.10% of students knew about Consumer Protection Act (CPA), but all of them (100%) felt that they should be taught about medicolegal cases and negligence by legal professionals as they had never been taught about the same in detail. Conclusion: The above study shows that the knowledge and awareness in medical law and ethics for clinical students of dentistry have not been properly understood by the students and the same should be taught to them by legal professionals.

Gummy smile or excessive gingival exposure is an esthetically concern factor for women compared to men. Common causes for gummy smile are hypermobility of the upper lip, short upper lip, incompetent lip, altered passive eruption, bimaxillary protrusion, vertical maxillary excess, hyperfunction of labial elevator muscles, dental plaque, hereditary, and medications can cause abnormal gingival display. A 27-year-old male patient reported to the department of periodontology, with the chief complaint of overexposure of gums and dark color of upper and lower gums. The purpose of this case report is to present how to correct a gummy smile into an esthetic smile, using surgical scalpel method, considering two aspects of gingival health and appearance, which are: the gingival zenith and contour of gingival margins, avoiding violation of the biologic width.

Early childhood caries is a multifactorial chronic disease affecting the general life of a child. Functional along with esthetic rehabilitation of decayed primary teeth should be the main focus of pediatric dentists. The advent of new restorative materials and techniques has helped to create beautiful smiles for children. As the retention time of primary teeth is short, hence using temporary material for primary teeth restoration could be a good alternative. This case series depicts a novel clinical technique of using a temporization material –Protemp 4 for intra- and extracoronal restorations in primary teeth.

Mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly fulminating fatal mycotic infections in human beings leading to necrosis and destruction of the involved structures. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, has been associated with a wide range of opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Increasing case of mucormycosis has been seen in patients affected by COVID-19. This article includes a case report on diagnosis, pharmacological, surgical management, and prosthetic rehabilitation of post-COVID mucormycosis.

Gingival enlargement is a condition with an increase in the size of the gingiva and can be caused by inflammation, systemic disease, and medications. Genetic factors and allergic components in dentifrices, chewing gums, etc., also lead to gingival enlargement. Aggressive periodontitis is a periodontal disease with rapid destruction of the periodontium. The pace and severity of destruction make the disease difficult to manage. If it is complicated with fibrous hyperplasia and loss of dentition, it needs additional treatment. Here, in our case report, we are going to discuss the periodontal management and prosthetic rehabilitation of patient having generalized aggressive periodontitis with gingival hyperplasia.